2 Station contrast-enhanced MR-Venography of pelvic and lower extremity veins with a dedicated vascular coil

Introduction: To date, conventional venography remains the gold standard for morphologically assessing the veins of the lower extremities. The required administration of iodinated contrast is associated with complications including anaphylaxis, nephrotoxicity as well as venous thrombosis. MR-venography based on TOF techniques has thus been advocated as an attractive non-invasive alternative particularly for those patients with known allergies or renal insufficiency. Based on the acquisition of multiple axial images, conventional MR-Venography can be time-consuming and often fails to delineate small superficial and perforating veins.